2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘诀 — 非谓语动词
构成 ：（to） +动词原形
做主语
不定式 做宾语
功能 ：除谓语外的任何的成分 做宾语补足语
做定语
做状语
非谓语动词 构成：v-ing
动名词
功能：主语、宾语、表语、定语
构成：v.-ing /v.-ed 不定式省去to的状况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中（不定式做宾语不足语），不定式应省去to。但在被动语态中不可以省。如：
Let me listen to you sing the song.
He watched his son play computer games.
I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.
The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.
5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如：
The question is when to start.
I don’t know where to go .
He showed me how to use a computer.
What to do is a big problem.
例题分析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式有哪些用途：
1. To grow plants is very important.
2. It is so nice to hear your voice.
3. My dream is to be a pilot.
4. He began to read and write at the age of five.
5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.
6. Tom came to see me last night.
7. I am glad to see you.
8.Have you got anything to say?
9.There are many places to see in China.
10.I asked him not to open the window.
11. I don’t know what to buy for you.
12. I saw him dance.
13. He often helps me clean the room.
14. They are too shy to speak English.
15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.
16. I want you to go there together with me.
分析：1、To grow plants做主语；
to hear your voice做主语；
3、to be a pilot作表语；
4、to read and write作宾语；、
5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语；
6、to see me作状语；
7、to see you作状语；
8、to say作定语；
9、to see作定语；
10、not to open the window作宾语补足语；
11、what to buy作宾语；
12、dance作宾语补足语（省略to）；
13、clean the room作宾语补足语（省略to）；
14、to speak English作状语；
15、to find his watch作状语；
16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。
__________
__________
动名词的基本形式为“v.+-ing”。
__________
英语中有一些动词（短语）后面常跟动名词作宾语。
收 大家初中阶段容易见到的有：finish,enjoy,mind,miss,be worth , be busy , practice , have fun , have trouble / difficulty,feel like,be used to; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">完成训练值得忙（finish,practice,be worth,be busy);继续习惯别舍弃（keep on,be used to,give up);
考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,can't help,feel like);
喜欢思念要在意（enjoy,miss,mind)。
__________
在初中阶段的英语学习中，学生常常会遇见含有介
词的短语，下列动词短语中的to为介词，其后需要接名词、代词或动名词。
①makecontributionto为……做贡献。
②devote oneself to捐躯，致力于……。如：
He has devoted himself to helping disabled people.
他一生致力于帮助残疾人。
③look forward to期盼，盼望。如：
We are so much looking forward to seeing you again大家很盼望再见到你。
④prefer...to...比起……更喜欢……。如
I prefer walking to cycling.我想步行，而不想骑自行车。
⑤be used to...习惯……；适应……。如：
She is quite used to working hard.她非常习惯努力工作。
__________
①prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. = prefer doing sth.to doing sth.宁可做某件事而不愿做另一件事。如：
I prefer to learn English rather than play the piano on Sundays. =I prefer learning English to playing the piano on Sundays.在周日，我宁可学英语，也不愿去弹钢琴。
②need,require,want后跟不定式和动名词有什么区别
当need,require,want作“需要”解时，后加动名词等
于后加不定式的被动式。如：
The window needs cleaning.
=The window needs to be cleaned.
那扇窗户需要清洗。
__________
__________
分词分为目前分词和过去分词两种。目前分词的本形式为“动词原形+-ing”；过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
__________
大家容易见到的动词如 see,watch,notice,hear等，接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或常常性的动作接目前分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行。如：
I heard him singing in the classroom.
我听到他正在教室里唱歌。（“唱”这个动作正在进行）
I heard him sing in the classroom.
我听到他在教室里唱歌了。（“唱”这个动作已经结
I saw him going up the stairs
我看见他正在上楼。（“上楼”这个动作正在进行）
I saw him go up the stairs.
我看见他上楼了。（“上楼”这个动作已经完成）
__________
在语态上，目前分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：
the exploiting class剥削阶级
the exploited class 被剥削阶级
在时间上，目前分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如：
the developing country进步中国家
the developed country发达国家
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳
the risen sun升起来的太阳
__________
have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let,make代替。不定式总是表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如：
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.
士兵们让这个男生背对他的爸爸站着
have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让某人/物一直做某事”。have可以用keep代替，目前分词（doing)所表示的动作总是具备持续进行的意思。如：
The two men had their lights burning all night long.
那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
have sth.
sb.else to do sth.,过去分词（done)所表示的动作由别人; font-family:;" font-size:10.5pt;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;"="">The driver had his car washed once a week.
这个司机一周叫人洗一次车。
